Joan
JOAN
The Remarkable Life of
JOAN LEIGH FERMOR
SIMON FENWICK
MACMILLAN
Contents
List of Illustrations
Map
Introduction
1 The Eyres and the Monsells
2 Growing Up
3 Romance
4 Earning One’s Living
5 Love – and Marriage
6 Wartime London
7 Encounter in Cairo
8 Athenian Adventures
9 From Curzon Street to the Caribbean
10 Separation
11 Family Affairs
12 In Love with Greece
13 Kardamyli
14 Friendship and Loss
15 A Time of Gifts
16 Endings
Sources
Notes
Index
List of Illustrations
1. Joan as a baby, 1912–13 (private collection)
2. Charles Kettlewell in Kamchatka photographed by Francis Guillemard, 1882 (© Gonville & Caius College, by permission of the Master and Fellows of Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge)
3. Exterior of Dumbleton Hall, c. 1910 (private collection)
4. Dumbleton drawing room, c. 1910 (private collection)
5. Sir Bolton and Lady Eyres Monsell on Heartsease, 1934 (private collection)
6. Joan with her sister and cousins at Sandbanks in Dorset, c. 1917 (private collection)
7. Joan with puppies, 1926 (private collection)
8. Joan as debutante, 1930 (Olivia Stewart archive)
9. Graham Eyres Monsell, c. 1930 (private collection)
10. Joan skiing in Austria, 1933 (The National Library of Scotland)
11. John Betjeman at Dumbleton photographed by Joan, 1933 (private collection)
12. Brian Howard photographed by Joan (The National Library of Scotland)
13. Eddie Gathorne-Hardy photographed by Alan Pryce-Jones, 1932 (Beinecke Library, Yale University)
14. Cyril Connolly photographed by Joan, 1930s (The National Library of Scotland)
15. Joan painted by John Banting, 1933 (private collection)
16. Alan Pryce-Jones photographed by Horst, 1936 (Beinecke Library, Yale University)
17. Billa Cresswell photographed by Joan, 1936 (private collection)
18. Joan at the races, c. 1938 (private collection)
19. Joan and John Rayner, c. 1938 (private collection)
20. Guests at Tickerage Mill photographed by Joan, c. 1938 (private collection)
21. John Rayner, Tom and Isabel Delmer, and Tom Driberg at Bradwell Lodge photographed by Joan, 1940 (private collection)
22. Isabel Delmer at Bradwell Lodge photographed by Joan, 1940 (private collection)
23. John Rayner at the Political Warfare Executive in the early 1940s (private collection)
24. Letter from Joan in Madrid to John Rayner, 7 October 1943 (private collection)
25. Bomb damage at Haberdashers’ Hall photographed by Joan, 1941–2 (The National Library of Scotland)
26. Kurdish tribesmen photographed by Joan, May 1945 (The National Library of Scotland)
27. A Kurdish dandy photographed by Joan, May 1945 (The National Library of Scotland)
28. Joan in Kurdistan, May 1945 (The National Library of Scotland)
29. Athens street scenes photographed by Joan, 1950s (The National Library of Scotland)
30. Athens street scenes photographed by Joan, 1950s (The National Library of Scotland)
31. Paddy and Xan Fielding in the 1940s (The National Library of Scotland)
32. Joan in bed, late 1940s (Olivia Stewart archive)
33. Paddy on a beach on Ithaca photographed by Joan, late 1940s (The National Library of Scotland)
34. Paddy wearing a sunhat photographed by Joan, late 1940s (The National Library of Scotland)
35. Fishermen at Kardamyli photographed by Joan, 1951 (The National Library of Scotland)
36. Anastenaria fire-walkers photographed by Joan, 1950s (The National Library of Scotland)
37. Niko and Barbara Ghika, John Craxton, and Paddy and Joan on the terrace of the Ghikas’ house on Hydra photographed by Roloff Beny, 1958 (Benaki Museum – Ghika Gallery, Photographic Archive, Athens)
38. Paddy outside tent photographed by Joan, 1960s (© Executors of Joan Leigh Fermor/Olivia Stewart archive)
39. Paddy and Joan on an island opposite Nauplia photographed by Janetta Parladé, November 1960 (private collection)
40. Paddy and Joan on an island opposite Nauplia photographed by Janetta Parladé, November 1960 (private collection)
41. Joan and Paddy’s wedding at Caxton Hall, 17 January 1968 (Evening Standard/Stringer/Getty Images)
42. Janetta Parladé at Torre de Tramores, Malaga, photographed by Jaime Parladé, late 1960s
43. House at Kardamyli photographed by Diana Casey, early 1970s (private collection)
44. Graham Eyres Monsell, Diana Casey, Paddy and Joan at Kardamyli, early 1970s (private collection)
45. Joan and Diana Casey, early 1970s (private collection)
46. Joan and Paddy picnicking photographed by Diana Casey, early 1970s (private collection)
47. Joan and Paddy at Kardamyli, 1970s (Olivia Stewart archive)
48. Joan and donkey, 1970s (Olivia Stewart archive)
49. Joan at Kardamyli, 1981 (Olivia Stewart archive)
50. Xan and Magouche Fielding, late 1970s (private collection)
51. The Mill House, Dumbleton, 2011 (private collection)
52. Joan, late in life (Olivia Stewart archive)
Introduction
Joan Leigh Fermor’s life encompassed much of the twentieth century and the very beginning of the twenty-first. Born Joan Eyres Monsell in London in 1912 she was brought up on her family’s estate in Dumbleton in Gloucestershire. She died aged ninety-one in 2003 in a house which she and her husband Patrick – ‘Paddy’ – Leigh Fermor built outside the village of Kardamyli in the southern Peloponnese. Joan’s mother was an heiress and her father, who was of Anglo-Irish descent, was a highly successful politician during the inter-war years. Whatever assumptions her parents had about the life their daughter might lead – or thought she ought to lead – Joan’s life turned out to be very different.
Joan’s formal education was slight: such matters were thought unimportant. All a girl of her class was obliged to do was find an eligible suitor. When Joan’s first lover, a young would-be writer called Alan Pryce-Jones, was found to have little money and doubtful prospects, he was soon sent packing. Pryce-Jones, though, was an incurably sociable young man and he moved in literary and bohemian circles; however brief their relationship, it changed her life. Through Alan, Joan met fashionable figures of the 1930s: the likes of John Betjeman, Cyril Connolly, Maurice Bowra, Brian Howard, Evelyn Waugh and Osbert Lancaster. They became her friends and Joan, who was beautiful, witty and fun, proved herself equal to their company. Throughout the 1930s Joan featured in the society pages of newspapers and magazines because of her clothes, because she went to the opera or the ballet or dined at the Ritz, or because she travelled to Russia with Robert Byron, or with Tom Driberg to New York.
In the 1930s Joan became interested in photography, which was a respectable means of earning a small income independent from her family allowance. She started to take pictures of her young intellectual friends. Betjeman was one, and it was he who suggested that she specialize in photographing architecture, an enthusiasm shared by them both. After the outbreak of World War II, she also took photographs of buildings destroyed by the bombing. In 1939 Joan married her first husband, John Rayner. Brought up in Dulwich, Rayner was a journalist. As features editor of the Daily Express and an influential figure in the world of newspapers, he had redesign
ed its layout when the Express was the biggest-selling newspaper in the country. However his marriage to Joan did not last: they had different ideas about the importance of marital fidelity.
In order to escape from the marriage Joan trained as a cryptographer and in 1942 she went to work abroad. In Cairo in late 1944 she met a young war hero called Paddy Leigh Fermor. They fell in love. Although Paddy and Joan were a couple for the rest of their lives they were frequently apart. Joan often stayed by herself in London or Gloucestershire and continued a highly sociable existence while Paddy went away to write – usually abroad. They loved Greece and everything Greek. In the 1960s they were at last in a position to buy a plot of land in Greece and at Kardamyli they built a house on the very edge of the Mediterranean. Joan taught herself the language by reading Greek translations of Agatha Christie novels.
Joan made it possible for Paddy to write, the only thing he ever seriously wanted to do. Although Paddy became famous for his military adventures, these were, in a sense, achieved by accident: he was the right man in the right place at the right time. But as one of his close friends said of him, a man who was forever losing his mackintosh was not suited to be a regular soldier. Joan supported Paddy both emotionally and financially, enabling him to become one of the finest travel writers of the twentieth century. That said, Joan is scarcely mentioned in any of his books. In The Traveller’s Tree, Paddy’s first, he makes a few references, including a description of her taking three films of photographs in a cemetery on the island of Guadeloupe. Some of Joan’s pictures of monasteries in Anatolia are used to illustrate A Time to Keep Silence; and Mani (which is dedicated to Joan) and Roumeli, both of which are about Greece, include more of her work. The letters in Three Letters from the Andes were originally written to Joan. And this is all. Yet although diffident about her achievements, and deeply private, Joan was very far from being an anonymous figure.
In 1990 the academic and university administrator Noel Annan published a book called Our Age: Portrait of a Generation. Some four hundred and fifty pages long, Our Age is a tour de force, a sweeping history of British intellectual and political life during the course of the twentieth century. Annan begins by imagining who Maurice Bowra, the most famous Oxford don of the day, would claim to have made the times significant: ‘to be a genuine member of Our Age it was not enough to be well-born, or well-known, or pleasure-loving. Nor was it enough to be a scholar. He liked people to be quick, intelligent and to delight in general ideas.’ Among them he would have included Joan: she was, Annan wrote, a ‘life-enhancer’.1 Joan, who was perhaps surprised to find herself mentioned at all, wrote to Lord Annan to thank him. ‘Dearest Joan,’ he replied, ‘how sweet of you to write about the book. I was so determined that you should feature on the first page.’2
This is a book about someone who enhanced many lives.
Paddy Leigh Fermor died in June 2011, eight years after Joan. I am an archivist, and was asked by the executors of the Leigh Fermor estate if I would go to Greece to sort out Paddy’s papers before they were returned to England. A month later, I flew out to Kardamyli. What I remember most vividly about my arrival at the house where Paddy and Joan had lived for forty years was the scent of the jasmine that grew within the interior courtyard. That first evening I went down to the beach below the house to take my first swim; the sea was warm – I swam a lot that summer. Paddy’s archive was substantial and quite chaotic; I spent two months sorting, listing and packing the papers, and by the time I finished I had filled nineteen large cardboard cartons with Paddy’s records. I also filled nine black plastic sacks with rubbish – broken pens, bits of cardboard, newspapers, half a pornographic novel without a cover (I never found the other half), and all manner of general detritus. Eventually, after I had left, the archives were shipped back to the UK. In 2012 the archive was purchased by the National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh with a grant from the John R. Murray Charitable Trust.
If Paddy was a hoarder, Joan was the very opposite. Although the Dumbleton estate records still exist (in Gloucestershire Records Office), there are few Eyres Monsell family papers among them. In 1959, during the sale of Dumbleton Hall, Joan wrote to Paddy about her mother who was ‘getting desperately ill just in the middle of moving, refusing to give up, rushing up and downstairs sorting out 80 years of rubbish.’3 It is likely that this ‘rubbish’ included any family archives – which is all the more disappointing, since Joan had interesting and significant ancestors. Joan’s personal archive was also very small. Only two or three paper items survive from before the 1940s: a couple of letters from John and Penelope Betjeman; a typed account by Joan of a tour by horse and trap around Ireland; and a 1936 pocket diary. Even these probably survived as much by accident as intention. Later, Joan kept other items, including Paddy’s letters to her, but far more ended up in the waste paper basket or the fire-grate. Fortunately for a biographer, some of Joan’s friends did keep her letters, and there are references to Joan in the biographies, autobiographies and published letters and diaries of her contemporaries, including those of John Betjeman, Maurice Bowra, Robert Byron, Cyril Connolly, James Lees-Milne, Nancy Mitford, Frances Partridge, Evelyn Waugh and, of course, Paddy. Also, importantly but untidily, there are about 3,000 photographs in Joan’s collection; these too are now in the National Library of Scotland.
Although so much has been written about Paddy Leigh Fermor’s life, no one had ever researched Joan’s own history and so little had been written about her long relationship with Paddy. And so it was suggested that Joan too might be a worthwhile subject for a book. In writing this book, I would like to thank Paddy’s god-daughter Olivia Stewart for her help at the start of the project, and the Paddy and Joan Leigh Fermor Arts Fund for making funds available for the original research.
In addition I am grateful to the following for their help in many and varying ways: Professor Stuart Ball; Elpida Beloyannis; Nick Casey; the late Susan Casey; Ian Collins; David Fenwick; Rev Dr John Fenwick; Diana FitzGeorge-Balfour; Jonathan Gathorne-Hardy; Philippa Jellicoe; James Kenward; Robert and Bridget Kenward; Lord Kinross; Martin Mitchell; Richard and Ruth Olney; Michael O’Sullivan; Professor James Pettifer; Antonia Phillips; David Pryce-Jones; Jonathan Reeves; Hamish Robinson; Father Julian Shurgold; Julianne Simpson; Sam Trounson; Jochen Voigt; Rita Walker; Alix Waterhouse; Chris White.
I have received hospitality from many people, but I must mention in particular Janetta Parladé and the late Jaime Parladé and Heulyn Rayner in Spain, Olivia Stewart in Italy, and Catriona and Mark Wilson in Edinburgh – all of whom I stayed with during the course of my researches.
I am indebted to Charles Arnold for his initial enthusiasm. He introduced me to my agent Michael Alcock of Johnson and Alcock, to whom I wish to express my gratitude for his patience and equanimity; I also thank my editor at Macmillan, Georgina Morley.
David McClay, Graham Stewart and Helen Symington at the National Library of Scotland were always immensely helpful, enthusiastic and remarkably forbearing in my all-too-many requests for their assistance. I am grateful too for access and archival help from James Cox at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; Judith Curthoys at Christ Church, Oxford; Cliff Davies at Wadham College, Oxford; Adrian Glew at Tate Archives, London; Eleanor Hoare at Eton College; Julian Reid at Merton College, Oxford; Mary Ellen Budney at the Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University; John Frederick at Special Collections, University of Victoria, British Columbia; Pam Hackbart-Dean at the Lawrence Durrell papers, Special Collections Research Center, Morris Library, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Gayle Richardson at the Huntington Library, California. This book also owes much to the staff and resources of the London Library.
I am grateful to the Literary Executors of the Sir Patrick Leigh Fermor Estate for permission to quote from his papers; and to the Executors of the Joan Leigh Fermor Estate for permission to use both her photographs and archives. The photographs have been supplied by the National Library of Scotland.
Most of all I have to thank Joey Casey who has been a constant support and frequent companion in London, Gloucestershire, Scotland and Transylvania. Without her encouragement and friendship, and the many meals and bottles of wine enjoyed together, this book would have been much less of a pleasure to write. Both she and Ian Collins have read this book in draft form, but any errors I have failed to spot are of course my own fault.
This book is dedicated to my late parents. It is because of the encouragement I received from them during my childhood and youth that I have wanted to read books and tell stories.
London, June 2017
1
The Eyres and the Monsells
Every year Joan Leigh Fermor came back to England from her home in Greece three times – for Christmas, in the summer and in the spring, when the Dumbleton woods were thick with bluebells and the sound of cuckoos. A village of whitewashed cottages and red-brick houses on the border of Gloucestershire and Worcestershire, Dumbleton was always a home to Joan. ‘One sunny walk in the woods was perfection, the trees all different greens & pale browns, their skeletons still showing, & carpets & carpets of bluebells & white garlic.’1 It was May 1962 and Joan was writing to Paddy, her lover and partner although not yet her husband. Her childhood and early life had been spent in Dumbleton Hall, a large, rather ungainly mansion built in 1830 for the agriculturalist Henry Holland and sold by his descendants to Joan’s family, the Eyres, fifty years later. The Eyres had considerably extended the Hall, and its great wealth of bedrooms made it the perfect place for childhood games of hide and seek. When Joan was born, in 1912, her family, the Eyres Monsells, owned most of Dumbleton and its surrounding land. The hedgerows were full of partridges. In 1928, when Joan was sixteen, the Great Western Railway began the construction of a steam train called Dumbleton Hall in its workshops in Swindon.* Hymns composed by Joan’s great-grandfather are still sung in the parish church of St Peter’s. Her family monuments remain within the walls of the church and their family graves are in the churchyard. After the Hall was sold, Joan’s brother Graham moved to a house on the edge of the village, so Dumbleton remained Joan’s home in England.